Mark D. White

Writer, editor, teacher

  • Mark D. White

    AdamgrantIn an op-ed in today's The New York Times, Adam Grant, bestselling author of Give and Take: A Revolutionary Approach to Success (and fellow blogger at Psychology Today), examines the current tenure system in American universities and the skewed incentives they provide for continued work after tenure:

    It's no secret that tenured professors cause problems in universities. Some choose to rest on their laurels, allowing their productivity to dwindle. Others develop tunnel vision about research, inflicting misery on students who suffer through their classes.

    Instead of abolishing tenure, what if we restructured it? The heart of the problem is that we’ve combined two separate skill sets into a single job. We ask researchers to teach, and teachers to do research, even though these two capabilities have surprisingly little to do with each other.

    Later in the piece he recommends three different kinds of tenure: research-only, teaching-only, and research-and-teaching, each tailored to a professor's talents and drives.

    Some universities currently have similar positions: some have research professors, for instance, and most have some version of a lecturer. As far as I'm aware, however, the lecturer position, while it may carry some form of tenure, is rarely considered equivalent to professor positions, which demeans the devotion of one's time primarily to teaching. So Grant's proposal would certainly be an improvement over the status quo in this regard.

    Having three types of tenure would allow for more delineation of job responsibilities, improve the targeting motivation (as Grant argues), and provide more precise guidance to committees charged with granting reappointment, tenure, and promotion. (As chair of my department I serve on such a committee at my college.)

    Ideally, however, a scheme like this would not be necessary. Since evaluation occurs at the level of departmental and college-wide tenure-and-promotion committees, they can lead in reforming this process (with changes in motivation flowing down from there). They should allow for faculty to have different orientations regarding teaching, research, and service (the often-forgotten aspect of a professor's job). They should be willing to assess each faculty member according to his or her particular mix, as long as they remained "productive" in whatever way they chose to further the mission of the college or university. Fantastic instructors should be valued as much as prolific and acclaimed researchers, as well as active campus citizens and the faculty members who successfully combine two or even all three of these roles.

    As I advocate for in my committee, all three roles are essential to a flourishing university but not every faculty member should be expected to excel in all. As economists know, there can be enormous benefits to specialization of labor, and I would like to think these benefits can be realized without creating additional bureaucracy and proliferation of tenure-tracks. While I agree with Grant's concerns, I would prefer to encourage plurality within the existing tenure system rather than making it more complicated. But this relies on those responsible for making personnel decisions to adopt this pluralistic mindset—and if they cant (or won't), then multiple tenure tracks may be the next best option.

    (By the way, for a humorous look at this topic, see The Onion's recent post here.)

  • Loki 1If Al Ewing and Lee Garbett's Loki: Agent of Asgard #1 doesn't end up being the best single issue of the year, then we've got a great year ahead of us. Why did I love this book so much? How much time do you have?

    (Look Ma, I'm writin' a listicle! *sobs*)

    1. It's a fantastically constructed done-in-one that tightly packs in everything you could want in a comic book. (This could be a listicle of its own—nested listicles, much structure, wow…)

    Let's start with one great attention-getting splash page for an opener and another shocking one to close, with an entire adventure in between—an adventure that stands perfectly well on its own while setting up a larger story to come.

    Did I mention that it also recaps Loki's essential history with the Avengers—and features the Avengers too? Yes, all in one comic, I kid you not. If they're not careful, they might attract the mythical New Reader with this book—and actually keep him and her. Wait… do you think that was their plan all along? That's just devious enough to be worthy of Loki himself.

    2. Just when you thought Kieron Gillen was the master of Loki-speak, Al Ewing threatens to take that horned crown from him. Under Ewing's pen Loki is just as snappy and clever as we've come to know him, and when interacting with the Avengers you can't help but hear his lines in Tom Hiddleston's voice. (Hey Google, I said Tom Hiddleston! TOM HIDDLESTON! That's three times! Now where's my check?)

    3. Lee Garbett brings his clear lines and layouts to a book with a distinctly darker feel than the Stephanie Brown Batgirl series on which he shone so brightly—do I ever miss that book—and makes it his own while at the same time very different from adventures of the wide-eyed Steph and battle-wisened Babs. His characterization is magnificent, not just on Loki but on the other characters as well, especially Thor and… no, I can't give it away. Together wih colorist Nolan Woodard, Garbett makes his book a joy to look at as well as to read. (Hats off to Jamie McKelvie for the new Loki design.)

    4. What's that? Did I say "joy"? In a modern comic book?

    Verily! This book was fun to read, and will surely be fun on numerous re-readings. I laughed outloud through the book, not just at Loki's dialogue and inner monologue but also at his devious machinations—all the twists you expect from Gillen's writing of him against the background of a simpler and more new-reader-friendly premise.

    5. And this passage, from Loki's mind:

    Magic is taking a thought and making it real. Taking a lie and making it the truth. Telling a story to the universe so utterly, cosmically perfect that for a single, shining moment… the world believes a man can fly.

    Best explanation of magic in comics I've ever seen (when one is given at all)—and also keeping a nice link to Gillen's emphasis on stories through Journey into Mystery and Young Avengers. There's also a distinct Douglas Adams quality to it: I immediately thought of his line from The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy about flying being jumping and forgetting to fall. And the subtle Superman reference is just one of the pop culture references strewn through the book—see if you tell what he's singing in the shower—another legacy continued from Gillen's development of the character.

    Loki: Agent of Asgard #1 is a success on many levels. Ewing and Garbett have successfully taken over Loki from GIllen's capable hands and put him in a new context that will be familiar to longtime fans and new wanderers from the land of cinema alike. And did I mention it's fun? In the end, that may be the best thing about the new Loki title—I expect lots of pathos, betrayal, and misunderstandings throughout this run, but I hope it never stops being fun.

  • Mark D. White

    Many people, including in the media and academia, have wondered about the lack of criminal prosecutions stemming from the 2007-08 financial meltdown, especially related to fraud in the banking sector. In the new issue of Crime, Law and Social Change (61/1, February 2014), Henry N. Pontell, William K. Black, and Gilbert Geis probe this question in a paper titled "Too big to fail, too powerful to jail? On the absence of criminal prosecutions after the 2008 financial meltdown":

    Various explanations have been offered regarding the causes of the current global economic crisis that was spawned by the collapse of mortgage-based securities in the U.S. that were sold world-wide and that contained "toxic assets" comprised of subprime loans. There is ample evidence that such loans were originated through fraud. Firms recorded huge profits, and executives were awarded large bonuses even though some had led their companies into bankruptcy and plunged both the U.S. and global economies into the greatest recession since the Great Depression. This paper assesses the reasons why there have been no major prosecutions to date, and compares the U.S. government's response to that in the savings and loan crisis. It analyzes the influence of large financial institutions on lawmaking, regulation, and the allocation of enforcement resources, the continued general lack of understanding of financial fraud including control fraud, and problems related to the higher status and power of potential defendants.

    This paper promises to contribute a much-needed criminological insight to this question (which seems to bring out a retributivist sentiment in people who would normally disavow such ideas!).

  • LynxNo good way to categorize these, so I'm just throwing them out there…

    Noah Berlatsky, "How the Internet made me a better writer" (Salon)

    A reply of sorts to the recent criticism of long-form online writing in the New York Times (by a fellow who writes on comics and is publishing a book on Wonder Woman through Rutgers University Press)

    Annie Murphy Paul, "Will Professors Become Professional Motivators?" (personal blog)

    Based on a bit about the role of college professors in the age of MOOCs from Tyler Cowen's recent book Average Is Over

    W.A. Edmundson, "Animals, Right, and Legal 'Bifurcation' in Kant" (JOTWELL), commenting on Christine Korsgaard's article "Kantian Ethics, Animals, and the Law" (Oxford Journal of Legal Studies)

    One great thinker commenting on another great thinker applying the ethics of a third… 'nuff said.

    Will Baude, "Does originalism justify Brown, and why do we care so much?" (The Volokh Conspiracy)

    A new look at a perennial question that has plagued originalists for decades… but no more?

    Peer, Acquisti, and Shalvi, "'I cheated, but only a little': Partial confessions to unethical behavior" (Journal of Personality and Social Psychology)

    An interesting examination of distinctly less-than-moral moral psychology…

    Peter Worley, "Happily ever after? Using children's stories to teach philosophy and ethics" (The Guardian)

    A great topic that applies to much of what I've done in my superhero writing (including The Virtues of Captain America).

    Richard Epstein, "Security, Uncertainty, and the National Security Administration: The President Should Defend, Not Revise, Current NSA Procedures" (Just Security)

    An unpopular view from a great scholar who's never afraid to go against the grain.

    Henry Austin, "Zoo bans monkeys from eating bananas as it's 'equivalent to giving them cake'" (NBC)

    Given that this is British zoo, I'm surprised they didn't simply put the bananas on a higher shelf!

    Ricky Ricciardi, "Satchmo in East Berlin, March 22, 1965 – COMPLETE!" (The Wonderful World of Louis Armstrong)

    An expert analysis of the recently discovered set from Louis Armstrong and His All Stars — watch the show and then read the article!

     

  • Lynx2Here are the links that caught my eye today over the last few days (what can I say, I've been working more than usual!):

    Van Oudenhove and Cuypers, The relevance of the philosophical 'mind-body problem' for the status of psychosomatic medicine: a conceptual analysis of the biopsychosocial model (Medicine, Health Care, and Philosophy)

    An interesting and distinctive combination of medicine and philosophy (if only because I mostly pay attention to bioethics).

    Notable & Quotable: Andrew Ferguson on why you don't need equations to understand economics (The Wall Street Journal)

    Short but sweet.

    Burt Bacharach: What the Songwriting World Needs Now (The Wall Street Journal)

    Not what I expected, but important nonetheless.

    Fredrik deBoer, Smarm and the Mob (personal blog)

    A poignant comment on online communities' tendencies toward Manichean thinking.

    Adam Thierer, "Is Privacy an Unalienable Right? The Problem with Privacy Paternalism" (The Technology Liberation Front), based in part on this law review article: Daniel J. Solove, "Privacy Self-Management and the Consent Dilemma" (Harvard Law Review)

    Fascinating discussion of the precise nature of privacy rights.

    John Warner, "When Good Work Doesn't 'Count'" (Inside Higher Ed), discussing Cathy Day's "This Blog is a Waste of My Time: Thoughts on the Three-Year Anniversary of The Big Thing" (The Big Thing)

    I missed this the first time around, but an excellent call to broaden ideas of "scholarship" as used in reappointment, tenure, and promotion decisions. I'm proud to say my school's own committee (on which I serve) is tentatively progressive on this front, but nonetheless, appeals to recognize influence as much as pedigree (in the form of peer-review) are often dismissed.

  • Cap coverI was surprised to see The Virtues of Captain America up on Google Books several weeks before it's released, but on the bright side, the preview does contain the introduction, which I encourage anybody interested in this book to read. (And don't forget the first chapter is available at Wiley Blackwell's site for the book.)

    I hope to post some things in the near future related to the book, including scenes and lines from the comics I had to leave out, images related to ones I did put in the book, and comics I didn't read before the book was finished (either because they came out too recently or just because I missed them).

  • Lynx1I know what you're thinking. (Well, not really… if I did I'd sell that tech to the NSA and go buy an island somewhere. Ha ha, just kidding, I hate sand.) A post made up of nothing but links? Really original there, Mark.

    I know. [Hangs head in mock shame.]

    But I hadda do it, you see, I hadda! And you know why?

    Tabs.

    So… many… %^&*$… browser tabs. All day I open tabs, hoping to find time to read what they contain, to absorb the knowledge and wow my friends at parties. (Ha, I said parties. And friends. *sob*)

    To help stall the coming of Tabbageddon, I will start collecting those links here, and if nothing else, it will serve as a handy archive of said links for me. And if they are interesting to you too, then hey, it's a party, everyone's invited. (Except that guy. Over there. Not you, him. Yeah, him.)

    Click away, my friends… I'll try to categorize these, and maybe add a note here or there on why I found a link interesting (even if I didn't have time to, you know, read it yet).

     

    LAW

    Paul Cassell, "I’m hoping for a victory for crime victims’ rights tomorrow before the Supreme Court" (The Volokh Conspiracy, now at the Washington Post)

    Jonathan H. Adler, How “the case that could topple Obamacare” began (The Volokh Conspiracy)

    Joseph Marguiles, Coming Out of the Turn: Charting a New Course in Criminal Justice (Verdict/Justia)

    I really need to find time to read more law stuff…

    Larry Solum, Rostron & Levit on Submitting to Law Reviews (at Legal Theory Blog)

    The idea of submitting to a law review is bewildering, but I may want to someday.

     

    RANDOM LINKS

    Mikael Cho, The science behind fonts (and how they make you feel) (TNW)

    Nice piece on reading patterns and layout… I'm sure it would say I'm doing everything wrong.

    Kevin Poulsen, How a Math Genius Hacked OkCupid to Find True Love (Wired)

    Math and online dating… one of these things I'm a big fan of and the other is online dating.

    Ben Crair, I Can See You Typing: The most awkward feature of online chat (The New Republic)

    This is actually one of my favorite features of online chat, but I'm curious why it bothers Mr. Crair.

    Ryan Hobler on Plato, Bing Crosby, Necessity, and Spider-Man (American Songwriter; hyphen inserted because Spider-Man)

    Are you kidding me? Der Bingle, Spidey, and Plato? I'm in.

    Max Nisen, 9 Famous Execs Who Majored In Philosophy (Business Insider)

    Articles like this are great for trying to recruit students. Not as great as Munchkins from Dunkin' Donuts are, but at least the articles won't, y'know, kill them.

  • Cap coverIt's almost here! Just a few weeks until The Virtues of Captain America: Modern-Day Lessons on Character from a World War II Superhero is released, and the fine folks at Wiley Blackwell have posted PDF files of the table of contents, the index, and the first chapter, which provides some basic ethical background for the rest of the book (with particular emphasis on Marvel's Civil War).

  • 1211This was definitely a different ASSA experience than years past (2013 and 2012 reports here, natch). There were a lot more paper sessions and meetings, and less get-togethers with editors and discussions of book projects. There are reasons for both: I was program chair for the Association for Social Economics this year, so I attended even more ASE sessions than usual, as well as the usual functions (opening plenary, membership meeting, presidential breakfast) and editorial board meetings for our two journals. And since I am "booked up" on current projects, I haven't thought ahead to future ones very much (other than my long-simmering book on moral judgment for Stanford, which I did discuss with my editor at our annual breakfast).

    For anyone still reading, here is an account of my four days in Philadelphia:

    Thursday

    1202I arrived in Philly by train from Newark in the early afternoon, but I had already spent the entire day trying to adapt to Mother Nature's plans for our opening plenary featuring pre-eminent philosopher Martha Nussbaum, whose flights from Chicago—both her original one and the one she was later rebooked on—had been cancelled. Professor Nussbaum was very gracious and accommodating, and we were able to work out plans for her to deliver her address by Skype. I'm very pleased to report that it went amazingly well—see here for my "official" report—and I was personally honored to hear Professor Nussbaum hail my book Kantian Ethics and Economics as "elegant." I have to thank my fellow ASE-ers, especially Deb Figart and Bob LaJeunesse, for all their help throughout the day in turning a potential disaster into a brilliant plenary session, as well as, of course, Martha Nussbaum herself for her unflinching grace.

    Friday

    The day started with freezing my assumptions off wandering the streets of Philadelphia, trying to find the breakfast spot my Stanford editor had chosen, but all was rewarded by a wonderful meal with my dear friend (as well as discussion of the book on judgment mentioned above). Next was the first law-related ASE session of the meetings, chaired by incoming president-elect Ellen Mutari and focusing on gender and law in social economics. (See the entire program here.) Afterwards I lunched with another old friend and editor, and then spent a little time in the exhibit hall, having the pleasure of finally meeting Tyler Cowen in person at the Marginal Revolution University booth (during which we briefly continued discussing an exciting possible collaboration), and touching base with my Palgrave editor (who arrived while I was at the booth, having had her own travel problems).

    After that I attended another ASE session, put together by Steve Pressman on the theme of income in equality, on the 33rd floor of the Loews Philadelphia hotel (with the beautiful view seen in the picture at the top of this post). Next was the annual ASE membership meeting, led by my friend and co-blogger Jonathan Wight, and at the end of which the presidency transferred to yours truly, at which point I previewed my plans to increase the ASE's exposure by increased emphasis on the ASE blog (which I have administered since December 2011). The day came to a close at a joyous dinner with Jonathan and another old friend—definitely the longest day I have ever spent at an ASSA conference!

    Saturday

    1219The day began at the ASE presidential breakfast, an annual event at which we give out a number of awards to honor longtime service to social economics and to the ASE as well as to recognize excellent scholarship by current and upcoming scholars. I had the honor of presiding over this event, at which I introduced Jonathan Wight's presidential address, "Economics within a Pluralist Ethical Tradition." (You can see him to the right.)

    After a short break to review the papers for the next session and have a quick lunch, I attended the editorial board meeting for one of the ASE's two journals, the Forum for Social Economics, where we discussed (among many other things) plans to continue the program of Spotlight articles on the ASE blog, which began with Vernon Smith's article on Adam Smith in the last issue of 2013. Next, I chaired the second law-related ASE session of the meetings, this one on foundations of law and social economics. We were happy to have with us Claire Finkelstein, Algernon Biddle Professor of Law, Professor of Philosophy, and Director of the Center for Ethics and the Rule of Law, from the University of Pennsylvania. Professor Finkelstein contributed to a philosophically rich session comprised of four fascinating papers that explored possible intersections between social economics and the law. This was followed by the editorial boad meeting for our other journal, Review of Social Economy, after which another long day drew to a close.

    Sunday

    After breakfast in my hotel, at which I was pleased to be joined by an eminent figure in heterodox economics, the meetings concluded with the last two law-related ASE sessions. The first was an environmentally-themed session chaired by Jonathan Wight, during which Calvin College professor Steven McMullen performed double duty. Professor McMullen not only presented his own paper "Environmental Ethics, Economics, and Property Law"—written with Daniel Molling and the winner of the Warren J. Samuels Prize for best social economics paper presented at the 2014 ASSA—but also presented another paper for a presenter who could not travel to the meetings due to weather (a common problem at this year's meetings). The second Sunday session explored applications of law-and-social-economics, for which I filled in as chair for another weather-beaten participant (and good friend), and it proved to be yet another wonderful session with insightful discussion amongst the presenters and audients.

    After lunch with yet another old friend, I made my way to the train station, where I was very happily surprised to find one of my editors/friends who was travelling to New York for a few days following ASSA. Once back to Newark, I was relieved to find my car free of snow, yet covered in a sheath of ice—no problem.

    As I said at the top of this post, this was a very different ASSA conference experience, especially if you compare it to my past two. It really was very much an ASE conference for me—as it should have been, given my role as program chair and incoming president—and this naturally took precedence over other organizations' sessions or time spent with editors and publishers. Nonetheless, I look forward to more time in the exhibit booth next year! Also, I did not present any papers this year, having been disappointed with my performance at last year's meetings. But I've presented at most ASSA meetings for some years now, in sessions for various organizations, and I hope to gradually start presenting again (starting with my ASE presidential address next year). Finally, going into these meetings I was under the weather figuratively as well as literally, and poor sleep and haphazard eating made it difficult to engage as completely with people and ideas as I would have liked.

    If anyone still reading was at ASSA, I hope you had a wonderful experience—and feel free to share it in the comments below!

  • As I look ahead to 2014—which begins with the program I put together for the Association of Social Economics at the ASSA meetings, including an opening plenary featuring Martha Nussbaum, who I am honored to be introducing—I can't help but look back on the past year. (Having a birthday close to the end of the year doesn't help!)

    I'm sorry to report that my outlook has not improved since this time last year or two years ago, the latter linked post being the better statement thereof. My hopes to blog more regularly on 2013 were not realized, and while my writing and publication activity continues apace, I find no more satisfaction in it than I have in the last several years. I have received several positive reviews and compliments on my work recently, as well as some flattering (and surprising) citations, that help me see the value in what I have written, but they have not proven helpful in motivating me to write more. No news here, I'm afraid… but I will press on. (By the way, just before posting this I happened to read this week-old "The Stone" column by Todd May—very interesting.)

    Anyhoo… what have I been doing over the past two months since my last post?

    • A few weeks were spent reviewing page proofs and constructing the index for The Virtues of Captain America: Modern-Day Lessons on Character from a World War II Superhero, which is now scheduled for publication in early February (thanks to the snap editorial and production team at Wiley Blackwell). If you go all clicky on the link above you'll see the generous endorsements I received from two of my favorite Cap writers, Mark Waid and J.M. DeMatteis, as well as my good friend Bill Irwin of the Blackwell Philosophy and Popular Culture Series—I couldn't be happier about all three.
    • Work continues (slowly) on my other book projects (discussed in previous posts), plus a new one, currently under review: an edited book on law and social economics drawn from the law-related sessions in the ASE program for the 2014 ASSA meetings mentioned above.
    • I have signed to write an entry on the lex talionis ("an eye for an eye") for the Encyclopedia of Law and Economics for Springer (though the exact format and content has yet to be determined).
    • I plan to write a paper on externalities for a special issue of the journal Oeconomia, based on my brief discussion of the topic in Kantian Ethics and Economics (pp. 126-130).
    • I didn't manage to blog much, but I did post two new things at Psychology Today: "Are the Self-Loathing Also Self-Centered?" (November 26) and "Can a Little Jealousy Be Good for the Self-Loathing?" (December 27). (More about Psychology Today at the end of this post.)
    • Finally, and most interesting, I spoke with the editor of a forthcoming academic volume on one of my favorite comics storylines about contributing a chapter. I have had no luck writing in a scholarly format about comics despite several sincere attempts—a frustration I hope to address in an upcoming post for The Comics Professor—but this editor and I arrived at an approach I think will work. (More on this as it comes to fruition.)
    • It's not French GQ, but on December 8 I was mentioned in a New York Times article on nudges (based, I assume, on this spiked article). No, I'm neither of the handsome blokes on the front page, and my name is not mentioned until page 4 of the online version. But nonetheless, it was an appreciated nod.

    PT letterFinally, in their December 2013 issue, Psychology Today was kind enough to print an edited version of a letter I sent editor (and friend) Hara Estroff Marano in response to their October 2013 cover article "When Virtue Becomes Vice" by Mary Loftus. The printed version appears to the right (curiously, with no mention that I blog for them), and the more complete version (excerpted from my original email) follows:

    I just read the new cover story, and I must say I'm very disappointed. I find the usage of the terms "virtue" and "vice" to be profoundly misleading when discussing beneficial or nonbeneficial character traits with no moral context besides egoistic pursuits. I know PT is a psychology magazine and not a philosophy magazine, and I realize that psychologists have written a wealth of insightful material on character traits and personality, often using the words "virtues" to describe them. But to pair the terms virtue and vice, which together have a completely different connotation, not only in philosophy but also in common usage, is very troubling. 
     
    To add insult to injury, many of the points in the article — which are portrayed as insights on the part of the author or the scholars cited therein — are basic elements from virtue ethics 101. For instance, the author repeatedly points out that virtues can be taken too far; in Aristotle, virtues are defined as the mean between two extremes (for instance, courage is the mean between foolhardiness and cowardice). (The related claim that "every virtue contains its own vice," however, while quaint in a yin-yang sort of way, is wildly inaccurate.) The author also emphasizes that not every virtue has the same effect in different circumstances; likewise, Aristotle emphasized the importance of context in practicing virtues, which requires phronesis (practical wisdom or judgment). In the effect, the author is appropriating the language of virtue ethics and then restating its basic tenets as if they were new discoveries rather than the ancient wisdom they truly are.